Hardware prototyping and validation of a W-ΔDOR digital signal processor

Microwave tracking, usually performed by on ground processing of the signals coming from a spacecraft, represents a crucial aspect in every deep-space mission. Various noise sources, including receiver noise, affect these signals, limiting the accuracy of the radiometric measurements obtained from the radio link. There are several methods used for spacecraft tracking, including the Delta-Differential One-Way Ranging (ΔDOR) technique. In the past years, European Space Agency (ESA) missions relied on a narrowband ΔDOR system for navigation in the cruise phase. To limit the adverse effect of nonlinearities in the receiving chain, an innovative wideband approach to ΔDOR measurements has recently been proposed. This work presents the hardware implementation of a new version of the ESA X/Ka Deep Space Transponder based on the new tracking technique named Wideband ΔDOR (W-ΔDOR). The architecture of the new transponder guarantees backward compatibility with narrowband ΔDOR

A new class of indicators for the model selection of scaling laws in nuclear fusion

The development of computationally efficient model selection strategies represents an important problem facing the analysis of Nuclear Fusion experimental data, in particular in the field of scaling laws for the extrapolation to future machines, and image processing. In this paper, a new model selection indicator, named Model Falsification Criterion (MFC), will be presented and applied to the problem of choosing the most generalizable scaling laws for the power threshold to access the H-mode of confinement in Tokamaks. The proposed indicator is based on the properties of the model residuals, their entropy and an implementation of the data falsification principle. The model selection ability of the proposed criterion will be demonstrated in comparison with the most widely used frequentist (Akaike Information Criterion) and bayesian (Bayesian Information Criterion) indicators.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Manajemen sarana dan prasarana podok pesantren: penelitian di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Faizien Garut

Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Faizien merupakan lembaga pendidikan non-formal yang terus bergerak mengembangkan pendidikan agama Islam pada masyarakat, upaya memperkuat pemahaman terhadap dasar ilmu agama Islam. Sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai menjadi masalah mendasar di Pondok Pesantren pada umumnya, sedangkan dengan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai, kualitas pembelajaran akan lebih baik, maka sangatlah perlu manajemen dalam mengelola sarana dan prasarana yang ada di Pondok Pesantren untuk memaksimalkan penggunaaan sarana dan prasarana sehingga dapat menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang baik dan mencapai tujuan pendidikan dengan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan: (1) Perencanaan sarana dan prasarana, (2) Pengadaan sarana dan prasarana, (3) Inventarisasi sarana dan prasarana, (4) Pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana, dan (5) Penghapusan sarana dan prasarana yang ada di pondok pesantren Hidayatul Faizien. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan, meliputi: (1) Observasi partisipatif, (2) Wawancara, (3) Studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara studi penelitian untuk mendapatkan data-data yang otentik. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan peneliti adalah menentukan jenis data, menentukan sumber data, menentukan metode dan teknik pengumpulan data. Kemudian data yang dianalisis diuji keabsahan datanya yang disepakati oleh lembaga yang diteliti, penelitian dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Faizien. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perencanaan sarana dan prasarana Pondok Pesantren direncanakan setiap tahun ajaran baru dengan menentukan kebutuhan dan mempertimbangkan hasil evaluasi pada tahun sebelumnya, pengadaan sarana dan prasarana Pondok Pesantren yaitu mengadakan saran dan prasarana dengan melaksanakan pengadaan sarana dan prasarana sesuai kebutuhan yang ada, bertujuan memenuhi semua kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana, inventarisasi di Pondok Pesantren ada pengurus yang diberi tugas untuk pencatatan barang yang telah diadakan, pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana di Pondok Pesantren yaitu semua warga Pondok Pesantren terlibat dalam pemeliharaan dan perawatan sarana dan prasarana yang ada, penghapusan sarana dan prasarana di Pondok Pesantren dilaksanakan dengan hanya menghilangkan sarana dan prasarana yang mengalami kerusakan berat

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)